As part of the “Red June” and “Orange June” public health campaigns, dedicated to raising awareness about blood donation and combating anemia and leukemia, the program “Vamos Falar de Saúde” addressed a topic that frequently generates concern among the population: hemoptysis.
To clarify doubts about this condition, the program featured the participation of internal medicine pulmonologist Dr. Justina Romão, who explained the causes, warning signs, diagnostic methods, and main preventive measures.
What is hemoptysis?
During the interview, the specialist clarified that hemoptysis corresponds to the expulsion of blood from the lower respiratory tract through coughing. She explained that the blood usually has a bright red color and a foamy appearance. Furthermore, these characteristics help healthcare professionals identify the origin of the bleeding.
The doctor also emphasized that the presence of blood in sputum always requires medical attention. Therefore, early diagnosis plays a fundamental role in identifying the cause and defining the appropriate treatment.
How to distinguish hemoptysis from hematemesis?
One of the central points of the conversation was the difference between hemoptysis and hematemesis. While hemoptysis originates in the respiratory system and is usually preceded by episodes of coughing, hematemesis results from bleeding in the upper digestive tract and manifests itself through vomiting blood.
On the other hand, the blood expelled in hematemesis generally has a darker color and may be accompanied by nausea or abdominal discomfort. Therefore, correctly distinguishing between the two situations facilitates medical care and reduces the risk of misdiagnosis.
When does hemoptysis become dangerous?
Dr. Justina highlighted that hemoptysis can present different levels of severity:
- In mild cases, only small amounts of blood are observed in the sputum.
- In moderate cases, patients often require hospital care for monitoring and treatment.
In turn, massive hemoptysis constitutes a medical emergency. In these circumstances, bleeding can compromise breathing and put the patient’s life at risk. For this reason, seeking immediate medical assistance is essential.
Main causes of hemoptysis
Regarding the causes, the doctor explained that hemoptysis can result from respiratory infections, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, lung abscesses, and bronchiectasis. However, not all cases are related to infections.
The specialist mentioned that cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary thromboembolism, chest trauma, and lung cancer can also cause this clinical manifestation. Furthermore, smoking continues to be one of the main risk factors for several lung diseases associated with the problem.
Tuberculosis remains among the main causes in Angola
In the Angolan context, Dr. Justina Romão highlighted tuberculosis as one of the main causes of hemoptysis. The disease can cause significant lung damage and lead to potentially serious hemorrhages.
The specialist emphasized the importance of early diagnosis and strict adherence to treatment. Furthermore, she reminded viewers that tuberculosis treatment is available free of charge through the National Health System.
Prevention and Essential Care
As preventive measures, the doctor recommended seeking immediate medical attention whenever coughing up blood occurs. She also advised proper tuberculosis treatment, smoking cessation, control of heart disease, and reducing exposure to fumes and other irritants to the respiratory tract.
Finally, the specialist stressed that the presence of blood in a cough should never be ignored, as it may be a sign of diseases requiring urgent medical evaluation.
Watch the full interview
The Communications Department of the Liberatos Group informs that the full recording of this edition of the progra “Vamos Falar de Saúde” is available on the official Liberatos Group platforms on YouTube and Facebook.